China seeks semiconductor and AI self-reliance in ambitious new 5-year plan — Beijing also wants to increase domestic spending and reduce reliance on exports

The Chinese Communist Party is currently building its 15th five-year plan, which it intends to implement from 2026 to 2030, and state broadcaster CCTV has announced that it’s aiming to increase the country’s self-reliance and strength in science and technology. The proposal is focusing on “high-quality development” and the development of “new-quality productive forces” through technology, specifically for semiconductors and artificial intelligence, according to Bloomberg. This announcement is seen as Beijing’s response to external threats brought on by export controls and the risks brought on by an aging population.

China’s export-oriented economy has helped it rise in the 2000s and 2010s, but it has also shown Beijing how vulnerable it can be to geopolitical changes and the whims of export markets. Despite the ongoing trade war with the U.S., the contribution of exports to the country’s GDP has hit its highest in 2024, while household spending has stubbornly stayed below 40% through recent years. But as the U.S.–China trade war moves forward, with several of the former’s allies getting looped into the economic conflict, the CCP is keen on keeping manufacturing at a reasonable level of the economy while also “speeding up the building into a power of manufacturing, quality, aviation, transportation, and internet.”