- Recent research found that a higher-quality diet, rich in whole, nutrient-dense foods, might be linked to reduced pain levels, particularly among women.
- Participants’ body fat levels did not significantly influence this outcome, indicating that a healthy diet may directly and independently aid in managing chronic pain.
- Experts recommend adding antioxidant-rich foods to your diet and adopting a healthy lifestyle as part of a long-term approach to managing pain effectively.
A recent study published in Nutrition Researchsuggests that diet quality directly impacts pain levels and physical function, especially among women, regardless of body fat levels.
The WISH study collected diet data using a 12-month food frequency questionnaire and assessed diet quality with the Australian Dietary Guideline Index, which measures how closely a person’s eating habits align with dietary recommendations.
Pain levels were measured using a pain scale survey, while hand grip strength was used to evaluate physical function.
After analyzing the data and accounting for factors such as age and energy intake, the study observed that body fat did not serve as a link between diet quality and pain.
Instead, diet quality alone appeared to have a direct impact on pain levels.
Although these effects initially seemed to influence the entire study population, differences became apparent when analyzing the data by gender.
For women, better diet quality was significantly associated with lower levels of pain, with reductions ranging from 37.2% to 38.8%, and with body fat levels having no influence on this relationship.
For women with higher “core food” consumption (whole food choices), the reductions in pain were even larger, ranging from 46.7% to 48.2%, depending on the measure of body fat used.
Additionally, for women, better diet quality was linked to improved physical strength.
However, in men, the researchers observed no significant direct or indirect effects of diet quality and bodily pain or physical function.
Further research is necessary, as this observational study cannot determine causation, and its findings may not apply to diverse populations.
Still, the study’s results offer encouraging evidence that a healthier diet may notably alleviate pain and support physical function, especially in women, irrespective of their body fat levels.
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To help explain this connection, Thomas M. Holland, MD, MS, a physician-scientist and assistant professor at the RUSH Institute for Healthy Aging, RUSH University, College of Health Sciences, who was not involved in the study, spoke to Medical News Today about the potential mechanisms linking diet quality and chronic pain.
“A higher-quality diet can reduce chronic pain by minimizing inflammation and oxidative stress through nutrient-dense foods rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These dietary patterns support overall health and reduce systemic inflammation, which is a known contributor to pain. To contrast this, a lower-quality diet, like a standard American diet/Western diet—high in refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and added sugars—can substantially increase inflammation and oxidative stress, which will worsen pain and potentially make it last longer.”
— Thomas M. Holland, MD, MS
“With this, we need to keep in mind that dietary quality is going to influence pain directly through its effects on inflammation and oxidative processes, regardless of someone’s body composition,” Holland said.
The study observed that women who consumed more “core” foods—such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and grains—reported lower pain levels.
According to Holland, this is likely due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of foods like fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats, which may help mitigate pain pathways and provide benefits independent of body weight.
So, to support chronic pain management, Holland recommends adding foods with strong anti-inflammatory properties into your diet, including:
“Incorporating these into the diet can help reduce pain severity and improve overall well-being,” he explained.
Kiran Campbell, RDN, a registered dietitian and owner at Kiran Campbell Nutrition, not involved in the study, similarly suggests that “focusing on dietary patterns and constituents that modulate [inflammation and oxidative stress] may be crucial to alleviating chronic pain.”
In addition to foods rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, Campbell recommended incorporating foods rich in probiotics, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
She noted that foods like “olive oil, yogurt, fatty fish like salmon and tuna, beans, seeds, legumes, and nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables like blueberries, bell peppers, tomatoes, carrots, broccoli, and dark leafy greens” may help reduce inflammatory markers.
“While the above foods should be included in a healthy diet,” Campbell advised that it’s equally important to limit processed meats, sugary foods, refined grains, and other foods that can cause inflammation.
Campbell highlighted the significance of this study, noting that it provides valuable insights into the role of a high quality diet in pain management for both men and women.
She explained that “while women showed a greater reduction in reported pain, men also experienced some relief when following a nutrient-rich diet.”
Campbell emphasized that the findings support the growing evidence for a “food as medicine” approach, advocating for dietary interventions as a complementary tool in pain management alongside traditional treatments.
Holland echoed this perspective, championing a holistic approach to chronic pain management.
“Generally, adopting an overall healthy lifestyle will amplify the benefits of a nutritious diet in managing chronic pain. It is never too early or too late to make healthier choices, as even small changes can lead to significant improvements in pain and quality of life.”
— Thomas M. Holland, MD, MS
Holland concluded that combining dietary changes with other healthy lifestyle modifications offers the most promising strategy for effectively managing chronic pain in the long term.
